The logical framework (“log frame”) is used to assess the operational flow of project inputs and outputs and is common in the design of projects, programs, and strategies. However, the higher-order project results (“outcomes” and “impacts”) are rarely measured in practice. Oftentimes, evaluation studies focus only on the process or the inputs, activities, and outputs, making it difficult to attribute the observed results to any one particular investment and to convincingly show the outcomes or impacts of the project.
Project impact evaluation studies the effect of an intervention on final welfare outcomes, rather than the project outputs or the project implementation process. More generally, project impact evaluation establishes whether the intervention had a welfare effect on individuals, households, and communities, and whether this effect can be attributed to the concerned intervention. In other words, impact evaluation looks at project results at a higher level. The difference between impact evaluation and process evaluation and project monitoring can be seen using the five distinct components (impact, outcome, output, activities, and inputs) in the project monitoring and evaluation framework.
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